机场鸟击事故灾害的生态防治

从生态学角度分析了机场鸟击事故灾害发生的根源和特点，概述了鸟击灾害的生态防治措施，包括主动性防治和被动性防治，以及计算机和信息技术的应用。指出鸟击灾害已经成为机场飞行安全的主要威胁之一；生态综合防治是机场鸟击事故灾害防治的根本手段。     

纺织品综合色牢度试验方法标准的研究

色牢度是有色纺织品的重要考核指标，单项色牢度往往不能真实反映出纺织品在实际使用时的真实牢度，有时各种单项牢度指标都很好，而在实际穿着或使用时仍会出现问题。本方法标准是在试验室中人工模拟有色纺织品在人体穿用及自然气候等复杂条件下，于短期内（2-4天），可预测出在不同纬度地区实际穿着一定时间后颜色的变化情况。本方法不仅适用于军用纺织品，同样也适用于民用所有有色纺织品。可依据用户的不同要求，确定试验周期，来反映某一地区一个阶段后颜色变化的真实情况。还可为纺织印染行业的工艺设计及染料选择，提供综合，快速，准确，科学有效的检测方法。     

黄孢原毛平革菌吸附六价铬的研究

利用黑曲霉常用液体培养基对黄孢原毛平革菌进行扩大培养得到的菌丝球经过冷冻干燥后磨成粒径约为180 μm的粉末用于吸附废水中的Cr(Ⅵ).考察了pH、吸附时间以及预处理方法对吸附的影响.在不同初始浓度条件下,对Cr(Ⅵ)终浓度以及吸附量进行线性转换,发现pH＝2.0条件下Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型能较好地描述P.chrysosporium菌丝球粉末对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附.比较吸附前后的傅立叶变换红外光谱图可知,P.chrysosporium吸附Cr(Ⅵ)后,其主要成分和结构保持完整.     

无锡市城镇化进程中土地利用变化及其环境效应

20世纪90年代,城市用地扩展是我国区域土地利用演化的主导过程,城市土地利用所引起的地表景观格局的变化又是引起地表各种地理过程变化的主要原因。基于Landsat TM图像解译的土地利用的动态图斑,分析了20年代90年代无锡市土地利用的变化态势。研究表明,土地利用变化主要体现为耕地向林地、水域、建设用地的转移．林地向耕地、建设用地的转移,以及草地、水域向建设用地的转移;20世纪90年代中后期,国家颁布的一系列基本农田保护和“退耕还林还草”的政策法规,在一定程度上限制了大量耕地被建设占用的趋势。土地利用快速变化也导致明显环境效应．主要表现为水环境的恶化和现代“城市病”等方面。因此,加强土地规划管理、合理利用土地资源、重视能源开发与基础设施建设,应成为今后区域土地资源开发、利用与保护的重点与方向。     

温州城市河流中多环芳烃的污染特征及其来源

利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪（GC/MS）对温州九山外河和山下河春夏季水体和表层沉积物中18种多环芳烃（PAHs）进行了分析.结果表明,研究河段河水和沉积物中18种PAHs含量范围为146.74～3 047.89 ng·L-1和21.01～11 990.48ng·g-1,春季水体和沉积物中的PAHs含量显著高于夏季.水体和沉积物中主要以2、3、4环的中低环PAHs为主,但沉积物中5、6环PAHs的含量相对高于水样中的含量.研究河段春季和夏季水样中EBaP值分别为1.69～51.95 ng·L-1和0～3.03ng·L-1,春季水样中有80%超过我国地表水环境质量标准中BaP的限值.春夏季沉积物中ΣPAHs含量均小于ERM限值,只有部分PAHs组分含量高于ERM值,可能会对生物产生较大的毒副作用.通过PAHs特征化合物分子比值法和主成分分析法判源,发现研究河段水体表现出石油源和燃烧源的复合来源特征,沉积物表现出燃烧源占更大比例的复合来源特征。     

Dry deposition of PM10 over the Yellow Sea during Asian dust events from 2001 to 2007

Dry deposition velocities and fluxes of PM10during Asian dust events over the Yellow Sea from 2001 to 2007 were investigated using observation data in Qingdao, China and Jeju, Korea. The dry deposition velocities of PM10 during dust events over the Yellow Sea ranged from 0.19 to 8.17 cm/sec, with an average of 3.38 cm/sec. Dry deposition fluxes of PM10during dust events over the Yellow Sea were in the range of 68.5–2647.1 mg/(m2·day), with an average of 545.4 mg/(m2·day), which is 2–10 times higher than those reported by other studies for both dust and non-dust periods. It was estimated that 2.6 × 1011–48.7 × 1011g dust particles deposit to the Yellow Sea during dust events through dry deposition every year. Compared with the results in previous studies, it was found that the dry deposition of PM10over the Yellow Sea during dust events in the years with high frequency of dust could account for a large or overwhelming fraction of the annual total dry deposition. Backward air mass trajectory analysis showed that dust events influenced Jeju mainly originated from the desert regions located in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, China. There were 119 backward trajectories influenced both Qingdao and Jeju during 15 dust events from 2001 to 2007, accounting for 61.3% of the total trajectories of 194, indicating that Qingdao and Jeju were usually on the same pathway of dust transport downwind from source areas.     

Differential responses of short-term soil respiration dynamics to the experimental addition of nitrogen and water in the temperate semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia, China

We examined the effects of simulated rainfall and increasing N supply of different levels on CO2 pulse emission from typical Inner Mongolian steppe soil using the static opaque chamber technique, respectively in a dry June and a rainy August. The treatments included NH4NO3 additions at rates of 0, 5, 10, and 20 g N/（m2.year） with or without water. Immediately after the experimental simulated rainfall events, the CO2 effluxes in the watering plots without N addition （WCK） increased greatly and reached the maximum value at 2 hr. However, the efflux level reverted to the background level within 48 hr. The cumulative CO2 effluxes in the soil ranged from 5.60 to 6.49 g C/m2 over 48 hr after a single water application, thus showing an increase of approximately 148.64% and 48.36% in the efftuxes during both observation periods. By contrast, the addition of different N levels without water addition did not result in a significant change in soil respiration in the short term. Two-way ANOVA showed that the effects of the interaction between water and N addition were insignificant in short-term soil COz efftuxes in the soil. The cumulative soil CO2 fluxes of different treatments over 48 hr accounted for approximately 5.34% to 6.91% and 2.36% to 2.93% of annual C emission in both experimental periods. These results stress the need for improving the sampling frequency after rainfall in future studies to ensure more accurate evaluation of the grassland C emission contribution.     

青岛市COD、SO_2排放的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

选取青岛市2001~2010年环境统计数据,以全市人均GDP为因变量、污染物排放量为变量,进行环境库兹涅茨曲线模拟。结果表明:青岛市"三废"污染物排放和工业COD、SO2排放量均不符合典型的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征。通过模拟结果分析可得出,科学的产业结构调整、政府节能减排的大力推进等政策是单位GDP污染物排放量的降低和工业COD、SO2排放量呈现的正"N"型曲线特征的重要因素。     

SoundPLAN在交通噪声对住宅小区影响评价中的应用

采用实测法对小区内的代表性点位进行噪声监测,并记录主要道路的车流量,将实测的车流量及道路相关参数输入到SoundPLAN预测软件中进行预测,计算预测值与实测值的差值。结果表明,偏差在2.8 dB(A)以内说明该软件可以用于交通噪声对住宅小区的噪声影响预测。用SoundPLAN预测软件绘制了住宅小区的平面和横截面声等值线图,形象的表达了交通噪声对住宅小区的影响。     

Acute toxicity formation potential of benzophenone-type UV filters in chlorination disinfection process

Benzophenones （BPs） are a class of widely used UV filters, which have been frequently detected within multiple environmental matrices. Disinfection is a necessary process in water treatment processes. The transformation behaviors and toxicity changes of 14 BP-type UV filters during chlorination disinfection treatment were investigated in this study. A new index, the acute toxicity formation potential, was proposed to evaluate the toxicity changes and potential risks of BP-type UV filters during chlorination treatment. It was found that 13 of 14 BP-type UV filters exhibited toxicity decreases in the chlorination disinfection process, more or less, while one showed a toxicity increase. The toxicity changes were dependent on substitution effects, such that 2,4-di-hydroxylated or 3-hydroxylated BPs exhibited significant toxicity decreases after chlorination treatment due to the ready cleavage of the aromatic ring. Importantly, the acute toxicity changes could be duplicated in an ambient water matrix.